Global advancements in energy production are increasingly towards sustainable resource utilization and the adoption of circular economy principles. Innovative technologies have been developed to mitigate environmental impacts while simultaneously enhancing the economic viability of energy generation, particularly through the valorization of waste biomass. Agricultural residues and byproducts generated at various stages of crop cultivation and processing are recognized as promising alternative feedstocks to fossil fuels. Their utilization contributes significantly to greenhouse gas mitigation and facilitates resource recovery. The conversion of these residues into bioenergy involves several interdependent processes, among which biomass pre-treatment plays a pivotal role. This step is essential for the effective removal of lignin and the enhancement of biomass digestibility, thereby improving the overall efficiency of bioenergy production systems.  Given the rapid technological advancements in the field, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural biomass as a feedstock, the biological conversion pathways employed, and the emerging pre-treatment methodologies. This review focuses on the current landscape of bioenergy production from agricultural biomass, emphasizing biological pre-treatment strategies within the framework of the circular economy. Furthermore, it discusses existing challenges and outlines potential avenues for future research and technological development