In 2015, the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which set the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Among them, Goal 11, refers to the cities and the actions which should be taken to make them safe, resilient, sustainable and inclusive. Moreover, this goal interacts with almost all the others, thus confirming the decisive role of the cities in achieving the full set of SDGs. Hence the next step was the Localization of 2030 Agenda. This process focuses on defining, implementing and monitoring goals and strategies at the local level, in alignment with national frameworks. Moreover, a special innovative tool, known as Voluntary Local Review (VLR), has been developed for monitoring the local actions. Islands, as vulnerable ecosystems characterized by specific social, economic and environmental conditions are required to develop strategies that combine resilience to climate crisis, sustainable tourism development and social cohesion. In this context, the present paper introduces the VLR framework and presents its application to the island of Skiathos, the first Greek Municipality to adopt this tool, through an analytical framework structured around the four pillars of sustainable governance, highlighting the role of policy development, multi-actor governance, organizational development and multi-level governance in local SDG implementation.