Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilized in public administration as a strategic enabler for achieving environmental sustainability and advancing progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study presents an integrative review of 3,107 peer-reviewed publications indexed in Scopus and 98 documented use cases from European public administrations. It explores how AI contributes to environmental goals by synthesizing academic insights and practical implementations. Key themes include environmental monitoring and forecasting, sustainable urban and resource governance, and ethical AI use. Use cases are organized across six environmental SDGs with notable applications in water management, climate action, and biodiversity protection. Findings inform future research and support evidence-based environmental policymaking, while addressing regulatory, technical, and institutional challenges.